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Why 3D Printing?

 

When originally researching for this project I wanted to create a biosand filtration system. These types of systems use sand to filter out water contaminants. It's also a system most used in developing worlds, where access to a clean drinking supply is hard to find. Some of the materials for the filtration system were inaccessible to me. Additionally, the component of the filter that filters the microbial contaminents of the water take at least a month to incubate. I instead tried to scale the filtration back and wanted to make a small scale biosand filtration system using just a plastic bottle and sand from the beaches of Lake Michigan. This did not satisfy the extent of what I wanted to do. My next thought was to research rain barrels and how they can be used to both trap and conserve water. I wanted to connect how increasing precipitation and precipitation events in the Great Lakes region will provide greater incentive for rain barrel use. I wanted to see whether it was possible to not only trap rain but also filter it for potable use. This posed numerous problems. I would have to test the water to see what kinds of contaminants are present in rain, test whether the filter media adequately purified water, and physically make a structure that would connect to a rain barrel. I recognized that perhaps this was not entirely feasible given the amount of time and resources I had. I finally remembered that the Harold Washington Library on Van Buren and State had recently created a Maker Lab which gave people access to 3D printers, laser cutters, and instructors to help with the machines and software. I thought it would be interesting to create a filter using 3D parts that I created. This would give me more autonomy to be able to create unique structures by learning software instead of working with machinery and raw materials. That's on top of the fact that 3D printing is really cool.

 

 

 

 

3D Printed Portable Water Filter

Below are pictures of some of the components I created and pictures of the Maker Lab. This is a link to the thing I created minus some of the components that were not created through 3D printing (Link). The purpose of the filter is to act as a protoype for a potential creation made in the future. The filament used for 3D printing is called Polylactic Acid (PLA). The material is biodegradable which makes it degrade over time when contacted with water. Also the layers of filament leave very tiny space between layers that harbor bacteria and would defeat the purpose of the filter. The Maker Lab has 2 hour time limit for the amount of printing you can do, for smaller filament layers it would take a greater amount of time then I was allocated. Although they have their limitations the 3D made filter is promising because: a) There are other materials out there that don't degrade with water, b) Layer and infil settings can fix, to a certain extent, the problem of layer gaps and c) There are ways of creating molds from 3D printed parts which can be converted to rubber or other materials. Furthermore, the technology of 3D printing is rapidly expanding and cost decreasing. In a few years time it will be interesting how cheap 3D printing will be and whether it will be easier to use different materials.

The bulk of my components dealt with threading for bottle caps. I wanted to be sure that the water filter could screw onto many different popular disposable bottles. I found out that all the main plastic water bottles and plastic soda bottles use the same kind of thread to screw in the bottle caps. I searched on Thingiverse, a website where people upload their creations, and found a person who already created a thread from a coke plastic bottle. I was able to download this .stl file to TinkerCad and customize it to fit the needs of my project. This seems like an easy process but it took time to find the right way to print the design. Threads, unlike other 3D prints requires precision and other types of printing details that are not specifically stated. A lot of the process was experimenting with the actual printing - you won't know how the design will turn out until you print it. This was on top of the printers glitching or even some PLA colors creating a different final product than other filament colors. 3D printers hold a tremendous amount of potential. People now have the access to design and make anything they want. This will undoubtedly create an interesting tension between business, government and individuals. Individuals may no longer need to buy products from certain businesses and the possibility of building dangerous weapons like guns can put the government and law enforcement in a tricky bind. It's clear that 3D printing is a fascinating technology and as it becomes cheaper and easier to operate, the possibilities are endless.

 

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